British Columbia’s unionized teachers have won a long-standing battle with the provincial government over the right to bargain class sizes in a ruling Thursday from the Supreme Court of Canada.
The court delivered a verbal decision in favour of the teachers by a vote of 7-2.
The court said it will release a written judgment within 48 hours of its decision.
The decision overturns a B.C. Court of Appeal ruling that found the province did not violate teachers’ rights to bargain class sizes and the number of special-needs children in each class in their contracts.
Under then-education minister Christy Clark, the province first imposed legislation that removed teachers’ ability to bargain class size and composition in 2002. After a B.C. Supreme Court judge deemed the law unconstitutional in 2011, the province imposed a new law the following year.
Similar to the previous legislation, it restricted school boards’ power to determine staffing levels and establish the size and composition of classes or how many teacher assistants can be hired per student in a school.
The move led to a labour dispute in 2014.
A B.C. Supreme Court judge ruled the legislation unconstitutional but the appeal court overturned that decision a year later. Four of five appeal court justices found the province consulted meaningfully with teachers and the legislation didn’t violate the charter.
Kamloops-Thompson Teachers’ Association president David Komljenovic said he was still in a state of disbelief after learning the highest court in the country had brought an end to the years-long fight between the B.C. government and its teachers.
It remains to be seen what impact the ruling has on the lower court order to the government to pay a $2 million fine to the B.C. Teachers Federation (BCTF).
BCTF president Glenn Hansman said the decision could cost the Clark government as much as $300 million a year.
The existing contract, ratified in 2014 for a six-year-period has language, backed by grievance rulings.
It provides a guideline on how the return to that language will be implemented.
He said since the ability to bargain size and composition was stripped, more than 3,000 teachers lost their jobs, about 1,600 of them speciality teachers.
Komljenovic said the decision means anywhere from 100 to 200 more teachers will be needed in School District 73 to meet the size and composition rules in place in 2002.
He could not estimate the number of speciality teachers and certified education assistants (formerly known as student support workers) who would be required.
WHO WILL PAY FOR IT ALL?
Denise Harper, chair of the Kamloops-Thompson board of trustees, wonders where the government will find the money to pay for changes that will flow from the court ruling.
Harper speculated taxes will have to increase.
School district superintendent Alison Sidow said a 2014 report prepared, based on the assumption the BCTF fight would win the day, estimated up to 20 more portables would be required at a cost of about $1.3 million.
About 29 elementary teachers would need to be hired at a cost of $2.5 million. About 23 secondary teachers would need to be hired at a cost of $1.9 million for a total of just under $6 million. At least $4.5 million of that would be an ongoing cost.
The report, prepared by former superintendent Karl deBruijn, did not estimate the numbers or cost of specialty teachers and certified educational assistants.
Sidow said it’s possible schools now closed might have to be reopened to accommodate smaller class sizes. She expressed concern about a return to no more than three children in a classroom on an individual education plan who require additional supports.
“What do we do if a fourth comes to that school, to that class? What happens?” Sidow asked.
“And what happens when you diagnose a student mid-year? Do we have to put them in another school?”
She noted the dollars and staffing estimates in 2014 were also made at a time of decreasing enrolment, a trend that appears to have ended.
This year, a majority of schools in Kamloops have more students than they were built to accommodate and some have had to add portables to handle bursting enrolment.
MINISTER OF FINANCE WEIGHS IN
Discussions between the government and the B.C. Teachers’ Federation the should start immediately, the province’s minister of finance said.
Mike de Jong called the ruling positive because it ends years of litigation and gives clear instructions.
He said he hopes the talks will be “building on the constructive relationship that exists between the two sides,” who have been battling over the language removed in 2002 by then-education minister Christy Clark.
De Jong called the relationship that now exists “a far more positive climate than in past years.”
While he wouldn’t speculate on the economic impact, de Jong noted his ministry is still working on the budget to be presented in February. He expects there will be some money added to begin to address the court’s direction for the 2017-2018 school year.
De Jong said although he was surprised at the quick decision, he is glad it came now.
“Can you imagine what it would be like if it came on Feb. 16, two days before our budget?” he said, adding he hopes discussions focus on what should be done that is in the best interests of students.
He noted he doesn’t approach the upcoming discussions “with a sense of doom and gloom.”
Vancouver Sun columnist Vaughn Palmer pressed the minister on what he described as a court ruling that said the government “failed to bargain in good faith for the past 15 years” by noting both sides of had “deeply held positions.”
De Jong said the ruling confirms the government can intervene in collective bargaining, but there are a series of prerequisites that must be met that were not met with the BCTF.
“The issue was important. There was an important principle at stake,” de Jong told Palmer.
DETAILS OF RULING WILL BE REVEALED WITH RELEASE OF WRITTEN DECISION
Neither side in the legal dispute over class size and composition expected a ruling this week from the Supreme Court of Canada.
Having received only a verbal ruling, the details remain unclear.
Both sides submitted written arguments and the Thursday hearing was to answer questions justices had. A ruling wasn’t expected until spring, but at the end of the hearing in Ottawa, the 7-2 verbal ruling was issued.
Government finance and legal representatives spoke to media on Thursday for background information only.
They said the ruling has restored the relevant contract language from 2002 into the existing contract, which expires in 2019. But the government and the B.C. Teachers’ Federation agreed to a process they would follow to discuss implementation of any ruling that supported the union’s position.
The spokespeople said the government expects to enter discussion “with an open mind.” Beyond that, neither of the two wanted to speculate, nor would they predict when a process might be in place or if there would be return to the 2002 class size and composition numbers.
They said the learning improvement fund, created to be used for boards to help staff classrooms with the highest needs, will continue while discussions occur.
It can be used to hire teachers and special-education assistants, provide additional teaching time and support professional development. How it will be used involves consultation with the union, teachers and district and school staff.
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